German Development issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

German Development issue - Essay Example To be sure, Germany had transparently bolstered the work and monetary changes that were presented in the gathering really intended to manage beast rising joblessness and credit issues. â€Å"Unions were anyway cheered by the way that German Chancellor Angela Merkel, who met a worker's guild appointment in Toronto on 26 June, bolstered worker's organization requests to reference the ongoing G20 Labor Ministers meeting in Washington in the last articulation, and said that Germany stood prepared to have a further G20 Labor Ministerial during the following year† (ITUC, 2010). The above is the proof that German government specialists are anxious to participate and facilitate with different worker's organizations and laborer associations so they could haggle to arrive at an accord for government assistance and well †being of representatives. Undoubtedly, the gathering with Labor priests of G †20 countries would empower the concerned specialists to characterize the current situation with work advertise and to talk about potential measures for additional improvement. Germany has likewise supported improving common macroeconomic participation and coordinated effort with other G †20 part nations to effectively actualize the new changes that would help turn away worldwide money related emergency in future. To be sure, there is desperate need to execute this structure to guarantee endurance, development and manageability of money related and monetary establishments across created and creating countries. Germany upheld the plan to fix existing global money related framework in the light of proposals from real monetary organizations, for example, IMF and the World Bank. For example, there has been prompt need to build up a moderately adaptable budgetary framework that will help ‘reducing orderly hazard and good hazards’. Therefore, the likelihood that the world may confront another credit emergency in future could be diminished. (OECD,

The context of international business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The setting of universal business - Essay Example The organization was established by Jack Cohen in the year 1919, the quantity of stores as on April 2012 happens to be 6,351 stores. (Burgemeister, 2003, p. 192). The absolute income of the organization happens to be ?64.539 billion as on 2012. The complete piece of the overall industry in U.K. is 30.2%. The major worldwide contenders of the organization are Walmart, Carrefour, Aldi, Royal Ahold and Metro. Recognizing the company’s fundamental drivers of getting to outside business sectors utilizing speculations of FDI represents remote direct venture. There are different speculations of FDI like the item life cycle hypothesis, internationalization and mixed worldview hypothesis of the OLI outline work. Among these the internationalization hypothesis has been utilized to recognize the key drives. The internationalization hypothesis expresses that an organization working in a developed economy needs to extend the skyline past the neighborhood market to get upper hand and econom ies of scale. In the mid 90s Tesco was lingering behind Sainsbury’s as the second biggest retailer in the nation and the tasks of the nation was exposed to the U.K. showcase as it were. Yet, the worldwide monetary changes couples with the drive to turn into a worldwide significant retailer asked Tesco to enter the worldwide market. The main period of internationalization started as Tesco entered Hungary in 1994. From that point forward there has been no turning around, obviously there has been sure issues in nations like France, however taking a gander at the general viewpoint the outcomes represent themselves. Today Tesco is biggest retailer in U.K. also, the third biggest retailer on the planet directly after Wal-Mart and Carrefour. Primarily Tesco is a general product and staple retailer and works as following the business to shopper system. Outer Environment Analysis External or large scale natural variables are those that can't be constrained by an association but the mo dus operand of an association gets seriously influenced by the progressions or improvements in the outside condition. The fundamental outside ecological components incorporate political, monetary, social and mechanical elements. Be that as it may, the lawful elements are additionally to be incorporated. Bit, since the vast majority of the lawful lawmaking bodies in a nation are created by the administration itself the lawful components are therefore remembered for the political variables. Here it is to be included that Tesco entered in U.S. in the year 2007. In this manner the PEST examination has been founded on the outer natural circumstance in 2007 - 2008 in particular (Henry, 2008, p. 89). Political United States has consistently been a politically steady nation. What's more, the legislatures in U.S. have consistently invited business speculations from both nearby and global firms. Numerous pros have labeled U.S. as a truly steady political nation independent of the political sy stem. Likely because of such mentality of the political pioneers of the nation the nation has gotten probably the most grounded economy on the planet. As referenced before as far the authoritative framework goes the nation as referenced has a business inviting legitimate condition inviting ventures. Legitimate and Regulatory changes during the 1970s really brought about de-guideline in different segments and upgraded rivalry and effectiveness.

What to Know Before You Move to London After Graduation

What to Know Before You Move to London After Graduation What to Know Before You Move to London After Graduation By Alexandra Jane London may be the world’s second most expensive city, but the bustling capital continues to prove attractive to graduates looking for a first job after university. Almost a quarter of new graduates have moved to London in recent years, joining the crowds in Camden market, Shoreditch bars and east London parks. Before you follow everyone else and find a house-share in Brixton, here are some things to consider. What’s your motivation? #london #england #archdaily #archilovers #arquitetura #architecture #architettura #architecturelovers #citylife #igers #igdaily #ignation #instamood #instagood #mexigers #lookingup #travelgram #architecteye #architecturephotography #archhunter #publicspace #landscapephotography #spring #teatime A post shared by @julianocruzz on Jun 16, 2017 at 7:08am PDT If your career is the primary motivation for moving to the big smoke, carefully consider whether your ambitions are realistic. While London is an irreplaceable hub of business for industries such as fashion and publishing, it also has the third-highest unemployment rate among 16-24-year-olds in the UK. The myth that graduate career opportunities don’t exist outside of London is unfounded. In fact, far less competition means you’re much more likely to get a job with an international firm such as Google or PWC in Belfast or Manchester than you are in London. If you move to London without a job, be prepared to take work in a café, bookshop or as a tutor in order to survive and pay rent for those first few months. If you’re entrepreneurially minded, also remember it will be cheaper to establish a business outside of London. Even though much of the commercial world is London-centric, the digital age has revolutionised the way we work, and you no longer need to live in London to make the most of its resources. Moving with friends Down in London Town credit to @flexy_pavilion159 - - - #holiday #london #mylife #photography #architecture #architecture #londonlife #landscape #landscapephotography #bridge #escape #love #living #lovinlife #summer #travel #holidayseason #summerstyle #clouds A post shared by Lucy (@lil_lucy_jt) on Jun 16, 2017 at 7:06am PDT When moving to a new city such as London, adjusting to the unfamiliar environment is much easier if you have a community of friends or family around you. If you’re from the country or a small town, then a big city can feel daunting and overwhelming, so maintaining â€" or making â€" connections with people who are comfortable in the city can really help you to settle and begin to feel at home. Moving in with friends can be a brilliant decision, as you’ll be navigating the tricky waters of a new life together. Your housemates will be there to celebrate and commiserate with you, creating a comfortable home environment to retreat into if the wider city becomes too much. It might be that you don’t know anyone else planning to move to London, and you end up taking a spare room in a house share or even moving in by yourself. If you do, try to find housemates that share your interests and lifestyle as this will reduce the risk of disagreements. Also, bear in mind that travelling out of London or to other parts of the city can be time consuming, so it will take some effort to see friends and family based elsewhere. If you’re not sure you can survive without more regular contact with people you already know, you might need to reconsider your plans. Cost of living The CocaCola London Eye #londoneye #thelondoneye #cocacolalondoneye #thecocacolalondoneye #london #visitlondon #londra #sky #clouds #dasotto #waitingforit #londonview #uk #visitbritain #unitedkingdom #regnounito #inghilterra #england A post shared by Fabrizio Cacialli (@gibmix) on Jun 16, 2017 at 7:06am PDT As gentrification strikes more and more areas in London and house prices rise above the level of sanity, more families (and individuals) are being forced to up sticks and leave the city for a more frugal existence. Why then, at a time when families who have grown up in London are leaving, are graduates still moving to the city? Living in London is likely to only ever be a short-term measure, especially if you’re hoping to save money for the future, so make sure you have a comprehensive plan and look after your money wisely. Are you a city person? #bigben #London A post shared by Jednorozec (@marysia_080) on Jun 16, 2017 at 7:05am PDT Moving to London may seem unavoidable, but many people simply aren’t suited to the daily hustle of city life. Take the time to consider whether a quieter town or rural existence with a sense of community would be more suited to you. London is often cited as one of the loneliest places, so take the pressure off yourself and remember that the city isn’t for everyone. Consider whether you will be able to relax into a routine of public transport involving that daily squeeze of the tube at rush hour. Also, moving to London after uni doesn’t need to be a long-term commitment. You don’t need to know if you want to stay six months, six years or six decades, so relax and ask yourself what atmosphere is most suited to the lifestyle you want right now. Yes it’s daunting, but London is also brilliant #London #upintheair #londoneye #uk A post shared by Ahmed Adly (@a_adly) on Jun 16, 2017 at 7:02am PDT Having dismissed London as expensive, overcrowded and often lonely, we also need to stress that it’s a marvellous city, buzzing with potential and excitement. Once you’ve cracked the surface â€" and this can take months to do â€" you’ll discover the hidden beauty of a city which thrives with opportunity and ambition. Alexandra Jane writes graduate careers advice for Inspiring Interns, a recruitment agency which helps career starters find everything from project management roles to marketing internships. Check out their graduate jobs London listings here.

Is Bad Parenting Cause Mental Illness - 973 Words

I really struggled with this question, I had to approach it from many different angels. First to answer the question can bad parenting cause mental illness like schizophrenia I would say yes. Hers why; first off substance abuse can cause brain abnormalities which is linked to schizophrenia. When women become pregnant were told numerous of times the affects alcohol, drugs, and cigarettes can have on the fetus. So I feel any affects that a child has from a mother being careless while being pregnant is bad parenting. I have heard of cases where military veterans were diagnosed with schizophrenia after they joined the force. My thought if extreme amounts of stress can cause PTSD, Depression, and Alcohol abuse all which have been linked to genetics and environmental causes, schizophrenia can be caused by bad parenting especially if a child is highly abused and exposed to extreme amounts of stress. I also looked at it in the sense if the parent is schizophrenia themselves their child has l ess than 50% chance which means several genes are involved or the disease itself is being triggered by other factors (pg 391). Something that I found interesting was in the book it says symptoms of schizophrenia often emerge soon after puberty, this is a time a child tends to become more violent, rebellious and outspoken in most case if they come from an abusive home. My thought is that puberty is a time where an adolescent express themselves. At this age their making decision on how to voiceShow MoreRelatedParenting Is A Huge Public Health Issue Facing Society Today901 Words   |  4 PagesParenting is a huge public health issue facing society today (Hoghughi, 1998). The environment a parent sets for their child is important because childhood is the time when human beings are particularly susceptible and responsive to external experiences (Bornstein, 1998). Children will grow up to believe behaviors and ideals of their parents are appropriate and acceptable by society. The influe nce parents have on kids has a major effect on issues such as teen pregnancy, substance abuse, child abuseRead MoreMental Health Illnesses Have A Genetic Contribution1534 Words   |  7 Pagesproving to show that mental health illnesses have a genetic contribution. Mental health professionals have long known that certain mental illnesses can run in families, due to the fact that most, the chance of obtaining schizophrenia or bipolar disorder with no genetic factor is around one perfect, as to where if someone has a close relative with a certain disorder, such as a parent or sibling, the risk factor jumps to around ten percent. The genetic force behind the abundance of mental illnesses is especiallyRead MoreAnalysis Of Jacquelyn Mitchard The Deep End Of The Sea 1039 Words   |  5 Pagesuntil one day, seven years later, she finds him. The novel follows the Cappadora’s as they cope with a new addition to their lives that presents twists, tragedies, and heartbreaks. Narrative s play an essential role in understanding the subject of mental illness by recognizing that traumatic events, dysfunctional families, and the introduction to an unaccustomed environment are routine occurrences that instigate this condition. Trauma has sorrowfully touched upon the lives of millions of people worldwideRead MoreThe Bystander Effect And Schizophrenia981 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Bystander Effect,† People whom suffer from schizophrenia also face many other misconceptions. Some believing that schizophrenia is caused by bad parenting. We are going to take a closer look into several different viewpoints that lead us to believe or not believe these conceptions. Schizophrenia What is Schizophrenia? A severe, chronic, and challenging mental disorder characterized by abnormal social behavior and failure to recognize reality. The outcome of this is brain disorders such as: delusionsRead MoreAnorexia Nervosa (Phychology)1084 Words   |  5 PagesOR MORE EXPLANATIONS FOR MENTAL DISORDERS There are several approaches in psychology which attempt to explain mental disorders. The biological approach sees a mental disorder as a medical problem, it assumes mental illness to have a physical cause and the treatment offered is physical. Behavioural approach emphasise learned behaviour, its treatment is based on conditioning principles. New adaptive behaviours are learned. Other approaches which propose causes of mental disorders as psychologicalRead MoreBeing Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd ) Essay1706 Words   |  7 Pagesto label them as bad children exhibiting behavior problems. Child psychologist, Harvey Parker, who founded Children and Adults with ADD (CHADD), a nonprofit organization says, now we see that it s genuinely not under their control, and we perceive them more as children suffering from a neurobiological disorder of self-control and attention problems (Parker, 2000). In a Frontline interview Peter Jensen, the former the head of child psychiatry at the National Institute of Mental Health and currentRead MoreColumbine High School Massacre : Self Control Theory Essay1709 Words   |  7 Pagesover the goth culture, social outcasts, and gun culture, teenage internet usage, pharmaceutical antidepressants used by teens, and violence incorporated in video games. When tragic events like this happen we can t help but to wonder what is it that causes the offenders to commit such horrible crimes. A theory of crime should give us understanding of the facts, no matter how rare and horrible they may be (Valenzuela, 2014). The self control theory, developed by Travis Hirshi and Michael GottfredsonRead MoreSchizophrenia Poster Research Topics : Schizophrenia1715 Words   |  7 Pagesminds, controlling their thoughts, or plotting to harm them. This can terrify people with the illness and make them withdrawn or extremely agitated. People with schizophrenia may not make sense when they talk. They may sit for hours without moving or talking. Sometimes people with schizophrenia seem perfectly fine until they talk about what they are really thinking. There are many subtypes of the illness as well. Schizophrenia is a brain disorder that affects the way a person behaves, thinks, andRead MoreTda 2.11012 Words   |  5 Pagesemotional development as they may feel their opinion and needs are not being met due to their failure to communicate. Their Social development may be affected if they have a Physical disability e.g. cerebral palsy, a long term injury, a chronic illness, malnutrition or spinabifider as this may mean that they can not go out and play and struggle to join in with other childrens games. Resulting in less opportunities to build relationships or friendships with the other children. If a child has aRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder : A Type Of Severe Anxiety Disorder1577 Words   |  7 Pagesstress and feared situations. Both compulsions and obsessions cause disabling levels of anxiety. The individual affected is often able to recognize the behavior as excessive and irrational, but is unable to control or stop the behaviors without intervention. Like most mental illnesses, this disorder is not exclusive to affecting individuals of a certain age group, race or socioeconomic status. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, OCD affects about 2.2 million American adults and about

Rel321 Asu - 1103 Words

REL321 25 March 2012 First Portfolio Essay Assignment Hey Diana, I am writing this letter today with hopes to inform you about a religions course I am taking. I know you are a history guy so I thought it would be interesting to write about the religious history of America. The United States happens to be one of very few major nations in history to be founded and established on principles of separation of church and state. This book I am reading, â€Å"The Religious History of America†, by Edwin Gaustad and Leigh Schmidt, gives a great overview of the different strand of religious development in the United States. They are divided into four fundamental time periods: the Colonial times; the Revolutionary War to the Civil War; Post Civil War to†¦show more content†¦The Europeans settlers justified the killings and forceful taking of the Natives land by saying that their Christian was calling to claim the land and that the Native Americans didn’t have right over the land just because they saw it first. Many Natives di ed because Christianity labeled Native Americans as idolaters, therefore worthy of slaughter. Native Americans were mistreated throughout history. For example, the arrival of Spaniards on the island of Hispaniola can be described as a catastrophic event. Native Americans considered the Spaniards angels and even conformed to their Christian beliefs, but the Spaniards showed no mercy to them. Natives were slaughtered and enslaved by the European settlers, with one word in mind, wealth. The founding fathers of our country were bright, respected, and religious gentlemen. A bill was drafted in the early months of the year 1777 by Thomas Jefferson. â€Å"The purpose of this bill was to establish religious freedom seeking to prevent anyone from being compelled to frequent or support any religious Worship place or Ministry or having their religious actions or inactions affect their civil capacities. This broadside of the proposed bill, printed in Williamsburg, is the earliest known printed text of Jeffersons proposed law. Virginia did not adopt the Act for Establishing Religious Freedom until January 16, 1786, when Jefferson was United States minister to France† (Library

Short Story - 1101 Words

â€Å"So what you’re telling me is I have...every power?† Phoenix asked again, still sitting there in shock as the ice continued to melt around him. Mike nodded â€Å"You’ll receive every power the others have and your own† â€Å"And probably even extra† Sydney piped up, returning to the room after fetching Hector and hustling Daniel and Carter out. Hector scoffed arrogantly â€Å"If you ask me Anna would have been a better fit for the Universal, she’s the best trained for it, we trained her for it and you hardly trained him at all† â€Å"You over trained her!† Mike shouted back â€Å"she has no sense of compassion or empathy left in her!!† â€Å"She’s a soldier!† Hector hissed, narrowing his eyes. â€Å"That’s precisely the problem† Sydney defended â€Å"these children were meant†¦show more content†¦Phoenix just nodded, easily being able to tell Mike was still exhausted, they all were. Even the time they did usually get to sleep was usually wasted by tossing and turning in bed wondering what the Larks and Ellie were doing, contemplating their next moves and feeling sorry for themselves, at least that’s what it was for Phoenix. â€Å"It’s ok, I’ll stay with you† Hector stated, turning to Mike â€Å"you look after my little girl out there would you?† â€Å"Will do buddy† Mike answered, patting him on the back and leaving the room with Sydney in tow. Rolling out of bed, Phoenix ducked Hector’s arms as he tried to grab for him. â€Å"I’m sorry† he laughed â€Å"I have to say goodbye to Carter† Hector raised his eyebrow as Phoenix reeled back on his previous comment. â€Å"The others† he rushed out â€Å"I have to say goodbye to the others† before turning to bounce out of the room, only to be stopped by Hector’s arms grabbing him firmly around the shoulders and pulling him back, pushing him down onto the bed and standing over him triumphantly with a large smile painted across his face. â€Å"Not going to happen kid, Mike would kill me if I let you stow away† he winked. â€Å"What can I do?† Phoenix asked, annoyed that Hector had foiled him so quickly. Hector pouted slightly in thought before his eyes lit up. â€Å"Open your chest and see what else you have in there, Anna can openShow MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:  Ã‚  Characteristics †¢Short  - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Ã‚  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  Ã‚  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a  single impression  or effect.  Ã‚  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing  personal experiences  and  prior knowledge  to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageswriting a short story. Many a time, writers run out of these short story ideas upon exhausting their sources of short story ideas. If you are one of these writers, who have run out of short story ideas, and the deadline you have for coming up with a short story is running out, the short story writing prompts below will surely help you. Additionally, if you are being tormented by the blank Microsoft Word document staring at you because you are not able to come up with the best short story idea, youRead MoreShort Story1804 Words   |  8 PagesShort story: Definition and History. A  short story  like any other term does not have only one definition, it has many definitions, but all of them are similar in a general idea. According to The World Book Encyclopedia (1994, Vol. 12, L-354), â€Å"the short story is a short work of fiction that usually centers around a single incident. Because of its shorter length, the characters and situations are fewer and less complicated than those of a novel.† In the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s DictionaryRead MoreShort Stories648 Words   |  3 Pageswhat the title to the short story is. The short story theme I am going conduct on is â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty’ by James Thurber (1973). In this short story the literary elements being used is plot and symbols and the theme being full of distractions and disruption. The narrator is giving a third person point of view in sharing the thoughts of the characters. Walter Mitty the daydreamer is very humorous in the different plots of his dr ifting off. In the start of the story the plot, symbols,Read MoreShort Stories1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe themes of short stories are often relevant to real life? To what extent do you agree with this view? In the short stories â€Å"Miss Brill† and â€Å"Frau Brechenmacher attends a wedding† written by Katherine Mansfield, the themes which are relevant to real life in Miss Brill are isolation and appearance versus reality. Likewise Frau Brechenmacher suffers through isolation throughout the story and also male dominance is one of the major themes that are highlighted in the story. These themes areRead MoreShort Story and People1473 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Title: Story Of An Hour Author: Kate Chopin I. On The Elements / Literary Concepts The short story Story Of An Hour is all about the series of emotions that the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard showed to the readers. With the kind of plot of this short story, it actually refers to the moments that Mrs. Mallard knew that all this time, her husband was alive. For the symbol, I like the title of this short story because it actually symbolizes the time where Mrs. Mallard died with joy. And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. These language and sound devices create a stronger image of the scenario or the characters within the text, which contribute to the overall pre-designed effect.As it is shown in the metaphor lipstick bleeding gently in CinnamonRead MoreGothic Short Story1447 W ords   |  6 Pages The End. In the short story, â€Å"Emma Barrett,† the reader follows a search party group searching for a missing girl named Emma deep in a forest in Oregon. The story follows through first person narration by a group member named Holden. This story would be considered a gothic short story because of its use of setting, theme, symbolism, and literary devices used to portray the horror of a missing six-year-old girl. Plot is the literal chronological development of the story, the sequence of eventsRead MoreRacism in the Short Stories1837 Words   |  7 PagesOften we read stories that tell stories of mixing the grouping may not always be what is legal or what people consider moral at the time. The things that you can learn from someone who is not like you is amazing if people took the time to consider this before judging someone the world as we know it would be a completely different place. The notion to overlook someone because they are not the same race, gender, creed, religion seems to be the way of the world for a long time. Racism is so prevalentRead MoreThe Idol Short Story1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe short stories â€Å"The Idol† by Adolfo Bioy Casares and â€Å"Axolotl† by Julio Cortà ¡zar address the notion of obsession, and the resulting harm that can come from it. Like all addictions, obsession makes one feel overwhelmed, as a single thought comes to continuously intr uding our mind, causing the individual to not be able to ignore these thoughts. In â€Å"Axolotl†, the narrator is drawn upon the axolotls at the Jardin des Plantes aquarium and his fascination towards the axolotls becomes an obsession. In

The Miracle Hangover Cure-Article Free-Samples â€Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discover the Miracle Hangover Cure-Article. Answer: The first assumption is based on transitivity. That implies consumers prefer all options at their choice. Moreover, customers prefer consuming more to less. That is the assumption of non-satiation (Allenby, Kim Rossi, 2015). Lastly, economists have rational preferences for the outcomes. They mainly consider utilities and their wealth values. The assumptions are quite necessary. The first one makes economists think critically and creatively on their choices. They end up choosing decisions which satisfy all their preferred options. Chris, in the article, thinks of consuming more beer, but later remembers using his new PlayStation. Individuals prefer consuming more to derive utility. Chris finds it easy to order the second beer to satisfy his utility. The assumption is significant in that it helps the consumer to balance all his or her choices. As Chris consumes the second bottle, his satisfaction for beer reduces, while he begins to think about going home and playing the PlayStation. Varian, (2014) terms that as the law of diminishing marginal utility, where the more you consume a commodity, the more you get satisfied with it. After some time, the consumer achieves maximum satisfaction and opts to other choices. That balances all his options. Lastly, everyone is always wary of outcomes. Consumers are cautious of effects of their consumption to incomes and values. The young journalist fears to drink more to avoid extra costs. He also fears to get hangovers the following day. Therefore, by evaluating outcomes caused by excessive drinking, the journalist ends up drinking less to save costs and avoid mental illnesses. It is important for people to understand assumptions developed by economists. It assists them to balance their options and choices. Besides, it makes them critical thinkers. They reason a lot of their choices. Finally, it helps them to preserve their incomes by spending less on their chosen portfolios. When one foregoes one choice for another, he or she obtains an opportunity cost. Those are the benefits attributed to non-consumption of a previous option (Chodorow-Reich Karabarbounis, 2016). Chris evaluates between drinking beer and going home to play games. Making that decision grants him numerous benefits. First of all, he escapes the hangovers he would suffer the following day. Also, he would accurately be capable of collecting the stamps. If he drinks only two bottles, he wont be feeling sick. Therefore he would perform his duties actively. Finally, he would also enjoy using his PlayStation when he gets home. If he opted to continue drinking, all those opportunity costs would be foregone. It is true that individuals suffer hangovers by not applying rational models. First of all, hangovers result from excessive beer drinking which is a consumption good. Cynamon Fazzari (2015) say that income is always equivalent to total consumption, individuals investments and their savings. If human beings were rational, they would balance the three effects in a way that they benefit. They could reduce their consumption and dwell more on investing and saving. Reducing consumption, in our case, will mean reduced beer drinking. That creates room for the individual to do other activities effectively. Economists like Chris and the journalists are rational. They think how consuming more beer would cause effects to their other duties. They also evaluate the cost-benefit equation. Most individuals just consume beer until they are totally drunk. They believe maximum utility is obtained when one is completely drunk. Due to lack of rational thinking, they tend to suffer hangovers the following day. They may not be in a position to do their duties as expected. Drinking many results to reduced work performance, bankruptcy, limited careers and loss of friends (Ham, Bacon, Carrigan, Zamboanga Casner, 2016). Economists typically follow five stages in making a rational decisional. Initially, they all have goals. In the article, the journalist wants to avoid hangovers so that he may perform his duties well in the workplace. The same to Chris. Secondly, they always have a criterion of making decisions. They are quick and very creative in formulating decisions. Besides, they are ever considering alternatives which are cheaper to their choices (Hammond, Keeney Raiffa, 2015). Chris considers going home to play with his new machine. Drinking beer and playing games almost yield to same satisfaction- relaxing the mind and getting entertained. The fourth stage is task analysis. They value different concepts, models, and theories (Ford, Richardson, 2013). Here, they think among the chosen portfolios, which one suits them most. Both Chris and the Journalist consider the cost-benefit concept. Finally, a final decision is made after the analysis. Chris thinks gives up the third beer and goes home. The journalist also fears to get hangovers as well as spending much on beer. She also leaves Opera bar and goes home. The article can work in theory but may never work in real-life or practical. Beer is quite expensive for low and medium-income earners. However, the commodity is cheaper for high-income earners. Economists use the cost-benefit model to avoid excessive drinking. This concept will only work theoretically. Practically, wealthy people, who drink, may not consume little beer for the sake of saving. They already have substantial incomes and will drink till they are satisfied. Secondly, in some cases, beer is termed as a drug abuse which may be addictive to the user. At this case, the users experience reverse effects. The economists want people to drink less so that they evade hangovers. However, addicted alcoholics suffer tremors, convulsions and general body fatigue (Norouzi, Carver, Dear, Bromberg, Gray, Kahan Borgundvaag, 2017). They have to take the drink to relieve them. This will be contrary to the economists. Therefore, their idea can only work in theory but not practical. References Allenby, G. M., Kim, J., Rossi, P. E. (2015). Economic Models of Choice. Chodorow-Reich, G., Karabarbounis, L. (2016). The cyclicality of the opportunity cost ofEmployment. Journal of Political Economy, 124(6), 1563-1618. Cynamon, B. Z., Fazzari, S. M. (2015). Household income, demand, and saving: Deriving macro data with micro data concepts. Review of Income and Wealth. Ford, R. C., Richardson, W. D. (2013). Ethical decision making: A review of the empirical Literature. In Citation classics from the Journal of Business Ethics (pp. 19-44). Springer Netherlands. Ham, L. S., Bacon, A. K., Carrigan, M. H., Zamboanga, B. L., Casner, H. G. (2016). Social anxiety and alcohol use: The role of alcohol expectancies about social outcomes. Addiction Research Theory, 24(1), 9-16. Hammond, J., Keeney, R., Raiffa, H. (2015). Smart choices: A practical guide to making Better decisions. Harvard Business Review Press. Norouzi, N., Carver, S., Dear, T., Bromberg, S., Gray, S., Kahan, M., Borgundvaag, B. (2017). Evaluation of alcohol intoxication and withdrawal syndromes based on analysis of tremor signals. Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, 33, 83-87. Varian, H. R. (2014). Intermediate Microeconomics: A Modern Approach: Ninth International Student Edition. WW Norton Company.

New Public Management Essays - Economic Systems, Economic Ideologies

New Public Management INTRODUCTION Public sector reforms adopted in a number of countries such as USA, UK and New Zealand in the last fifteen years and characterised by efficiency units, performance management, contracting out, market type mechanisms, and agency status have come to be known as the New Public Management or NPM. Appearance of the NPM as shifting the paradigm from the old traditional model of administration has been promoted by a remarkable degree of consensus among the political leadership of various countries and is presented today as the major tool for public sector management reforms. The elements of NPM have been implemented in diverse forms in different countries depending on their historical nature of bureaucracy and public sector management and reform objectives. For instance, more emphasis was given to performance management in Scandinavian countries, while a stronger accent was on market type mechanisms, contractualisation of the public service and systematic approaches to improving service quality in New Zealand, the UK and the USA. The long-term benefits from these reforms have not been empirically validated. Nevertheless, the major donors are agreed that what developing countries must do to improve public sector management is to sweep away the traditional public administration paradigm that underpins their bureaucracies and introduce the new public management (Turner and Hulme 1997: 230). Mongolia has not escaped from this trend. The Government of Mongolia is preparing to introduce public administration reforms based on the New Zealand experience of contract relationship between resources used and outputs purchased. However, there is a question mark about Mongolia's capacity to implement such reforms and wether they meet current needs. Therefore, assuming that the concepts of NPM are quite familiar, attempts have been made to asses the Mongolian situation against prescriptions of the New Zealand model of Public Sector Reform, particularly in relation with the country's transitional circumstances. THE NEW ZEALAND MODEL OF PUBLIC MANAGEMENT The proponents of the New Public Management have often identified New Zealand as a good example of this contemporary mode of administrative reform called NPM. New Zealand has implemented an enormous number and range of management reforms since 1988. These include accrual basis accounting and appropriations. Budgeting for outputs rather than inputs, separation of service delivery functions from advisory and regulatory functions, replacing permanent department heads with chief executives appointed for a fixed term, discretion for managers to spend their operating budgets as they deem fit, individual employment contracts for most senior managers, annual purchase agreements between ministers and their departments, annual reports, and audited financial and performance statements (Schick 1998:2). Every element of reform has been designed to establish or strengthen contract-like relationship between the government and ministers as purchasers of goods and services, and departments and other entities as suppliers. This ?new contractualism' replaced the relational contracts that characterise traditional public administration (Schick 1998:3). Managerial reform is based on a simple principle: managers cannot be held responsible for results unless they have freedom to act, that is, to spend and hire within agreed budgets as they see fit, to make their own choices concerning office accommodation and other purchases, and to run their organisation free from ex ante control by outsiders. The New Zealand experience shows how effective management practices in the private sector can be brought into a public sector environment and adapted. The change was driven by ideas that have only recently entered mainstream economics and they have been applied with full fidelity to their internal logic. Although one can justify that the country has vastly enlarged the stockpile of public management ideas and practices, however, there remain concerns related to contract-like arrangements in the public sector and there is much more to be accomplished before a final assessment can be made (Schick 1998:4). TRANSITIONAL FEATURES OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN MONGOLIA After the collapse of the socialist block, radical political and economic changes occurred in most former socialist countries. According to Hesse (1993) the former socialist countries have a number of common characteristics, such as: a transition from one party rule to a multi-party, pluralist system with democratic and accountable government; the deconcentration and decentralisation of political power; the creation of distinct spheres of economics and politics; and, economic liberalisation. No socialist country has yet completed the full process of economic liberalisation. This is mainly because the

Midnight Hour Encores essays

Midnight Hour Encores essays One of the books I read over the summer was Midnight Hour Encores by Bruce Brooks. Sibilance T. Spooner, who likes to be called Sib, is 16 years old and last seen her mother when she was only 20 hours old and lives with her father, Taxi. One day she suddenly decided that she wants to see her mother, but for what reason we really dont know. On this long car trip, Sib learns many things about her own father, whom she has lived with for the past 16 years, that she never knew before. Sib is like your typical teenager and is an amazing cellist, who has won many competitions. I give this book 3 thumbs up. This book is for you if you want to read about how teenagers deal with their parents. The first reason why I liked this book is how the author develops his characters personalities. If you had just started reading the book, Sib and her father seem normal, maybe even a bit on the boring side, but as the book goes on, you began to see more depth to the character. For example, Taxi seems like a boring dad, who listens to classical music and works for a newspaper, but later on you find out that he was a hippie in the 60s, loves rock n roll, and can play the guitar. So as youre learning these about him, his daughter is also learning them for the very first time too. I also liked this book because Sib and her father do not have a very good relationship with each other before they went to visit her mother. But during the car trip, Sib learns more and more about him and comes to the conclusion that maybe she has more in common with her father than she actually thought. Bruce Brooks is good at showing how the father-daughter relationship developed over time. The last reason why I liked this book is because of the suspense. Although there wasnt much action in this book, there was still as sense of suspense to it. There are moments where you dont know what is really going to happen. For exampl ...

Product Design Project Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Product Design Project - Term Paper Example Being a client representative, the project manager provides the consumer with online access to various reports on the project progress, and other documentations so they can follow the progress of a project (Lock, 2007). Introduction Nokia is a global provider of mobile phones whose headquarters are based in Finland which started out as a wood pulp mill in 1856 in Finland (Monaghan, 2013). The company majors in producing mobile cell phones and portable technological devices as well as internet services like games, applications, media, music, messaging and navigation services. Before 2012, Nokia was the largest mobile phone vendor globally but the growing popularity of touchscreen smartphones has reduced its market shares and subsequently fallen from its position of glory. Over the past few years, financial problems have seen the downsizing of its staff and eventually Microsoft purchased the company, although finalization of the deal is still ongoing (Monaghan, 2013). Thesis: discuss t he project management of a design process of a phone in the Nokia Company with detailed view of the schedule and duration as well as the ethical and diversity issues considered in the undertaking of the project. The paper aims to show ways in which the product design process can be modified to improve on the process and the effects of changing the organization of the chronology of the steps of the process. The main challenge of managing a project process is to meet the project objectives within the limitations of time, quality, funding, scope, deliverables and other constraints (Nokes & Kelly, 2007). Project management utilizes the use of a SWOT analysis to address issues in a design process. A SWOT analysis, acronym for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, is a process that identifies the various strong and weak points of a product, design process or company resulting in an appropriate plan of action (Luo & Design 2004). Method Information was collected by the supervis ors during the scoping of the project through online forums for developers and customers reviews through emails and the company website and SWOT analysis implemented on the data collected. This provided the project management with the necessary work structure required to undertake the various activities in the project effectively. Strengths Nokia is a global company that provides quality service to its consumers and hence attracts quality employees all around the world providing job opportunities and satisfying consumer needs (Haikio, 2002). It invests in producing products that are simple in structure depending on the sale value of the product. This ensures the product is safe from damage of the screen and other delicate parts due to low impact unlike other companies’ products which are completely vulnerable to damage on low impact. The Symbian technology in Nokia phones is stable and user friendly and when compared to the android platform, Symbian phones are less likely to crash due to software complications. The incorporation of windows mobile by Nokia was also a major step in the improvement of the phone experience of Nokia consumers. The company provides applications from its developers as well as third party developers through its website or through pre-installed applications. For similar market prices with most android phones, Nokia provides better camera capabilities in its products. The company pro

Discussion about the strengths of Israeli society circa 1960 with Essay

Discussion about the strengths of Israeli society circa 1960 with regards to the book, The House on Garibaldi Street. The whole prompt will follow - Essay Example Revenge as an act, occupies one’s time, effort and emotions in finding ways and means to get even and may impede development. Yet, revenge has given man a momentary justice for an injustice committed without knowing that such short-lived contentment cannot actually assuage the initial pain. In tribal societies revenge approaches warfare that supposedly do not seemingly concern developed societies whose laws evolved from the balance of justice with humanitarianism. Israeli society after the Holocaust was more concerned with the role of retribution than allowing the old wounds to heal and patch up wartime atrocities. Many Jews and other victims of the Holocaust all over the world were dedicated in finding the Nazi war criminals. In Harel’s personal account, Eichmann’s settlement in Buenos Aires with his family gave his identity away as a Jewish worker identified him after his daughter got romantically involved with Eichmann’s oldest son. The Israeli’s and equally one of the worlds’ recognized elite military started the conspicuous manhunt for Eichmann under the Argentinean name of Ricardo Klement. In a covert operation, the Mossad was able to smuggle Eichmann out of Argentina (who has no diplomatic extradition treaties with Israel) into Jerusalem to stand trial for the Holocaust. Right after his capture, the Israeli government denied any direct involvement, claiming that Eichmann was taken by Jewish volunteers. When Eichmann’s trial started in 1961, the world saw a mock trial that has prejudged the alleged acts of the captive. Eichmann’s insistenc e that he â€Å"was only following orders†, the same defense used by the Nuremberg Trials fell on deaf ears and Israeli society was out for Eichmann’s blood and gore. Understandably, the military rules of obedience were what every military officer would do. If one were to look into the fate of General Erwin Rommel whose better conscience

Three Islamic Leadership Principles Theology Religion Essay

Three Islamic Leadership Principles Theology Religion Essay This chapter elaborates and discusses elements which contribute on the literature review. This chapter started with review of the job performance, follows by the literature review on leadership and then literature review on Islamic Leadership. This literature was about the relationship between Islamic Leadership principles towards Job Performance. The literature was then compressed into the conceptual framework that represents the organizing concept of the study conducted by the researchers. 2.1 JOB PERFORMANCE According to the Murphy 1989, Job performance is defines as behaviors that have a relationship to the goals of the organization. Besides that, other definition of job performance as action and behaviors that control under each individual that contributes to the organizational s goals and measured by the individual level of proficiency (Campbell, 1990). Kane (1986) defined job performance as a record of outcomes achieved in carrying out the job function during the specified period. Alternatively, Rotundo (2000) argues that this definition includes a variety of job behaviors and that some behaviors contribute to the employees duties and responsibilities, while other behaviors still affect the goals of the organization but do not fall under duties and responsibilities. To understand the job performance is determine whether an individual job performance changes over time or still stable from year to year. Job performance can be improved by with leadership, training, work experience, and also by mentoring or coaching. Job performance have to be differentiated between other measures of performance that are sometimes used interchangeably or maybe incorrectly so. The often way to measure job performance is a leader rate his or her employees job performance (Rotundo Maria, 2002). Some research has shown that leadership integrates a great deal of information in these ratings. Performance measurement systems usually focus on the supervisor or manager as the rater of the job performance. As the leader, the challenge is determine on how it affect individual behavior and the work situations can be structured to achieve maximum employee job performance. Effective leadership generates improved motivation and effort. 2.2 LEADERSHIP Northouse (2011), said that being a leader is challenging, exciting plus rewarding, and carries a lot of responsibilities. A leader also should be fully aware of the followers and their interests, ideas, positions, attitudes, and motivations. Leadership is showing the way and helping or inducing others to pursue it. This includes envisioning a desirable future, promoting a clear purpose or mission, supportive values and intelligent strategies, and empowering and engaging those entire concerned (Gill, 2011). Allio (2009), in his article has listed the big five ideas; (1) good leaders have good character, (2) theres no best way to lead, (3) leaders must collaborate, (4) adaptability makes longevity possible and (5) leaders are self-made. However, a lot of the research in business and management has considered organizations as a religion neutral sphere, and as a result religion was not deemed worthy of study (Majeed, Khalid and Khan, 2011). As researchers keep on discussing about leadership, they only focused on Western business environment (Bass, 1999; Yukl, 2002; Fiedler, 1967; Stogdill, 1974). 2.3 ISLAMIC LEADERSHIP The Quran and hadith (the everyday actions and sayings of the Prophet) has explained about leadership qualities some fourteen centuries ago have only been discussed and emerged in the modern times. To thee a Book explaining All things, a Guide, a Mercy, And Glad Tidings to Muslims. (Al-Nahl, 16:89). And We appointed, from among them, leaders, giving guidance under Our command, so long as they persevered with patience and continued to have faith in Our Signs. (As-Sajdah 32:24). Abbas Ali (2005) mentioned in his book, Islamic Perspectives On Management and Organization, Islamic Leadership is a set of shared influence process. The Quran clearly calls for a leader to be flexible and approachable to followers and they comfort for commitment with the presence of these qualities within an organization. Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406) and Ibn Taimiya (1263-1328) opinion about leadership has been accepted. Ibn Khaldun (p,112) stated that several qualities are important for a leader like, tolerance towards weak, forgiveness of error, patience and hospitality toward guests. Lacking of these skills may decrease the quality of good leader. Next, Beekun and Badawi (1998), stated that, one of the definitions of Islamic Leadership is, the effort that takes by the leader to seeks the voluntary participations of followers in order to achieve the organizational objectives. Moreover, the leaders must be the role models in the organization and guide them in way of happiness in life (Abbasi, Rehman and Afsar, 2009). According to Moten (2011) he stated that the Western secular societies do not have a clear picture of leadership phenomenon from an Islamic Perspective. He added that there are several factors to describe reasons for the need of Islamic Leadership (Moten, 2011). Firstly, there is no distinction between the spiritual and temporal affairs in Islam whereby both lies down and moving together encircling all spheres of human life, (Moten, 2011). To strengthen this statement, Islam teachings according to Iqbal and Mohamad (1962), is not a departmental affair, it is neither mere thought, nor mere feeling, nor mere action; it is an expression of the whole man. Secondly, Moten (2011) points out, the need for implementation of the Islamic Leadership is because based on central concept of Islam i.e., tawhid (unity and sovereignty of Allah), refuse the power of control and command to anyone but Allah, the creator and Nourishes of the universe. To support his statement, Moten referred the Quran (3 :189, 6:57), the command rests with none but Allah to disclaim anyone who claims absolute right and power over anything. Next, Islam perceives that every individual and society activity is for the sake of Allah, Moten (2011). Relation between one creaturess with other creatures is built upon his distinctive relation to Allah. Thus, it is not a dyadic relationship between two believers but it is a triadic relationship in that each is relating to other through Allah as the intermediary, Moten (2011). After submitting the need for Islamic Leadership, Moten (2011) give his point of view on leadership in Islam. According to him, leadership in Islam is a process of communication and a moral activity between the equals directed towards reaching the organization goal, (Moten, 2011). He added, as the leader and the followers both understand the goal and actively joint together for the accomplishment of the goal, the accomplishment of that goal assumes the form of worship or ibadah, hence, the leadership in Islam can be seen as ibadah, (Moten, 2011). The Quran, Sunnah, and the jurisprudence give a comprehensive code of laws: social, moral, political, administrative, economic, civil, religious, and ethical to guide the Muslim leaders to run Islamic organizations appropriately and effectively (Aabed, 2006). Ali (2009) mentioned that, leader is obliged and illustrates a willingness to listen, openness, and concern in dealing with subordinates or follower. Islamic Leadership is defined as a group of leadership principles extracted from the Quran and the biography of the Prophet Muhammad and his companions, structured of good and ethical leadership essential to guide organizations appropriately and effectively. Moreover, it made up noblest Islamic traditions of science, worship, justice, and Ihsan(doing good) and to hammer these values in Muslim, (Khaliq, 2009; Khan, 2007). Besides that, Islam urged the leaders to pay attention to followers needs. It is because, it is trusteeship of Allah, a given responsibility given from him and a service to the mankind, (Toor, 2007). If Allah puts anyone in the position of authority over the Muslims affairs and he secludes himself (from them), not fulfilling their needs, wants, and poverty, Allah will keep Himself away from him, not fulfilling his need, want, and poverty (Sahih Muslim). Leadership is a responsibility which is shared by all adults in a Muslim society as Islam point of view (Mohsen, 2007). As pointed out clearly by Prophet Muhammad in one of the hadiths, Every one of you is a shepherd and everyone is responsible for what he is shepherd of (Bukhari and Muslim). There are some sign for a Muslim that considered good in implementing Islamic values (Abdul Hakim, 2011). Islamic ideas in performance emphasize a high standard of trust, honesty and reliability toward overall behavior. The employees daily activities should be conducted in the strictest obedience to Allah SWT commandments (Dr. Abdullah Mohammed Seidu). As mentioned by A. Hakim (2012), it is very important to understand the Islamic spiritual motivations, including faith, devoting and Islamic application rules. And they have to understand them completely (kaffah) spiritual motivation will give the urge to do the job as well as possible. Therefore, leadership development is one of the important subjects in Islamic teachings (Majeed, Khalid and Khan, 2011). From an Islamic perspective, followings are some of the key attributes for effective leadership; Justice (al Adl), Trust (al Amanah) and Honesty (al Sidq). The organization performance and goals will be achieved in terms of employee performance and there comfort for commitment with the presence of these qualities within an organization. Following are three principles of Islamic Leadership. 2.3.1 THREE ISLAMIC LEADERSHIP PRINCIPLES Justice (al Adl) The management leaders must behave with team members equitable and fairly without any discrimination about their race, color or religion. Islam always called human being for doing justice to all. Besides that, the Quran also gives the direction to Muslims to be fair and just in any situation even if the decisions goes against their parents or themselves (Ather Syed Mohammad, Sobhani Farid Ahammad, 2007). Allah SWT says: O you, who believe! Stand out firmly for justice, aswitness to Allah, even as against yourselves or your parents or your kin and whether it be against rich or poor, for Allah protects both.(Surah An-Nisa, Verse-135). According to Imam Hasan (2011), the concept of justice flows directly from the law giver Himself, Allah (SWT) so that the council of jurists having the legislative function interpreted by the law by the direct source is the Quran and Hadith to come at a just decision on issues that beneficial to the community. These concepts from the merciful Allah (SWT) frees any individual from accusations as all decisions flow and are based on Allahs commands (Imam Hasan Qasim Okikiola, 2011). Trust (al Amanah) Trust plays an important role for a leader. Allah says in the Quran, Those who faithfully observe their trusts and their covenants, (23:08), and Surely Allah commands you to make over trusts to their owners and that when you judge between people you judge with justice; surely Allah admonishes you with what is excellent; surely Allah is Seeing, Hearing, (04:58), and O you who believe! Be not unfaithful to Allah and the Messenger, nor be unfaithful to your trusts while you know. (08:27). Leaders in organization should be a trustworthy person and can be relying on (Alhabshi et. al, 1994). According to Yunus Mohamad, (2011) amanah is from the word Aman that gives a means like peace, no fear or threat but in Islamic terminology it means honesty and fulfilling the rights of people and Allah SWT. Mohammad Yunus on May 02, 2011 Amanah is fulfilling responsibilities in a good manner, with all talent and potentials, it is an amanah but not fulfilling the responsibilities is a mistrust and deception. He it is that has made you inheritors in the earth: if, then, any do reject (Allah), their rejection (works) against themselves: their rejection but adds to the odium for the Unbelievers in the sight of their Lord: their rejection but adds to (their own) undoing. (Fatir, 35:39). Honesty (al Sidq) According to Beekun and Badawi (2012), honesty of the leaders is considered as to the extent that there is consistency between word and action. Leaders do what they say they are going to do. The Prophet Moses himself is labeled as strong and trustworthy by one of the damsels (as in chapter 28: 26) while the Prophet Joseph is cited as one who is truthful in the Holy Quran. (Chapter 12: 46) Similarly, the Prophet Muhammad during his youth used to be called  Sadiq  (the truthful) and  Amin  (the trustworthy). Kirkpatrick and Locke (1991), said successful leaders are open with their followers, do not violate confidences, discreet and or carelessly reveal potentially harmful information. As cited in Kirkpatrik and Locke (1991), Kouzes and Posner conclude: Honesty is absolutely important to leadership. If we are willing to follow a person, whether it is into a fight or into the boardroom, we first want to guarantee ourselves that the person is worth to be trusted. We need to know whether the person is being truthful, ethical, and principled. We want to be fully assured in the integrity of our leaders. 2.4 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Table 2.1 below was summary of the independent and dependent variables of this research. The summary illustrates relationship between Principles of Islamic Leadership and Job Performance. Independent Variable Dependent Variable Islamic Leadership Principles: 1. Justice (al Adl) 2. Trust (al Amanah) 3. Honesty (al Siddiq) Job Performance Table 2.1: Independent variables and Dependent Variable Figure 2.2 below illustrate the conceptual framework for this study. This figure demonstrates the relationship between Islamic Leadership Principles toward Job Performance. Islamic Leadership Principles: Independent Variable Justice (al- Adl) Trust (al- Amanah) Job Performance Honesty (al Sidq) Dependent Variable Independent Variable Figure 2.2: Conceptual Framework 2.5 SUMMARY This chapter appraises the relationship between Islamic Leadership principles towards Job Performance and the conceptual framework that presents the organizing concept of this study. Chapter 3 will discuss about the methodologies used by the researchers in order to collect and analyze the data of the study.

William Blake :: English Literature

William Blake William Blake was born in London, where he spent most of his life. His father was a successful London hosier and attracted by the doctrines of Emmanuel Swedenborg. Blake was first educated at home, chiefly by his mother. His parents encouraged him to collect prints of the Italian masters, and in 1767 sent him to Henry Pars' drawing school. From his early years, he experienced visions of angels and ghostly monks, he saw and conversed with the angel Gabriel, the Virgin Mary, and various historical figures. At the age of 14 Blake was apprenticed for seven years to the engraver James Basire. Gothic art and architecture influenced him deeply. After studies at the Royal Academy School, Blake started to produce watercolors and engrave illustrations for magazines. In 1783 he married Catherine Boucher, the daughter of a market gardener. Blake taught her to draw and paint and she assisted him devoutly. In 1774 Blake opened with his wife and younger brother Robert a print shop at 27 Broad Street, but the venture failed after the death of Robert in 1787. Blake's important cultural and social contacts included Henry Fuseli, Reverend A.S. Mathew and his wife, John Flaxman (1755-1826), a sculptor and draftsman, Tom Paine, William Godwin, and Mrs Elizabeth Montagu (1720-1800), married to the wealthy grandson of the earl of Sandwich. His early poems Blake wrote at the age of 12. However, being early apprenticed to a manual occupation, journalistic-social career was not open to him. His first book of poems, POETICAL SKETCHES, appeared in 1783 and was followed by SONGS OF INNOCENCE (1789), and SONGS OF EXPERIENCE (1794). His most famous poem, 'The Tyger', was part of his Songs of Experience. He approved of free love, and sympathized with the actions of the French revolutionaries but the Reign of Terror sickened him. In 1790 Blake engraved THE MARRIAGE OF HEAVEN AND HELL, a book of paradoxical aphorisms and his principal prose work. Radically he sided with the Satan in Milton's Paradise Lost and attacked the conventional religious views in a series of aphorisms. But the poet's life in the realms of images did not please his wife who once remarked: "I have very little of Mr. Blake's company. He is always in Paradise." Some of Blake's contemporaries called him a harmless lunatic. The Blakes moved south of the Thames to Lambeth in 1790. During this time Blake began to work on his 'prophetic books', where he expressed his lifelong concern with the struggle of the soul to free its natural energies from reason and organized religion. Although Blake first accepted Swedenborg's ideas, he eventually rejected him. He wrote THE VISIONS OF THE DAUGHTERS OF ALBION (1793), AMERICA: A PROPHESY (1793), William Blake :: English Literature William Blake William Blake was born in London, where he spent most of his life. His father was a successful London hosier and attracted by the doctrines of Emmanuel Swedenborg. Blake was first educated at home, chiefly by his mother. His parents encouraged him to collect prints of the Italian masters, and in 1767 sent him to Henry Pars' drawing school. From his early years, he experienced visions of angels and ghostly monks, he saw and conversed with the angel Gabriel, the Virgin Mary, and various historical figures. At the age of 14 Blake was apprenticed for seven years to the engraver James Basire. Gothic art and architecture influenced him deeply. After studies at the Royal Academy School, Blake started to produce watercolors and engrave illustrations for magazines. In 1783 he married Catherine Boucher, the daughter of a market gardener. Blake taught her to draw and paint and she assisted him devoutly. In 1774 Blake opened with his wife and younger brother Robert a print shop at 27 Broad Street, but the venture failed after the death of Robert in 1787. Blake's important cultural and social contacts included Henry Fuseli, Reverend A.S. Mathew and his wife, John Flaxman (1755-1826), a sculptor and draftsman, Tom Paine, William Godwin, and Mrs Elizabeth Montagu (1720-1800), married to the wealthy grandson of the earl of Sandwich. His early poems Blake wrote at the age of 12. However, being early apprenticed to a manual occupation, journalistic-social career was not open to him. His first book of poems, POETICAL SKETCHES, appeared in 1783 and was followed by SONGS OF INNOCENCE (1789), and SONGS OF EXPERIENCE (1794). His most famous poem, 'The Tyger', was part of his Songs of Experience. He approved of free love, and sympathized with the actions of the French revolutionaries but the Reign of Terror sickened him. In 1790 Blake engraved THE MARRIAGE OF HEAVEN AND HELL, a book of paradoxical aphorisms and his principal prose work. Radically he sided with the Satan in Milton's Paradise Lost and attacked the conventional religious views in a series of aphorisms. But the poet's life in the realms of images did not please his wife who once remarked: "I have very little of Mr. Blake's company. He is always in Paradise." Some of Blake's contemporaries called him a harmless lunatic. The Blakes moved south of the Thames to Lambeth in 1790. During this time Blake began to work on his 'prophetic books', where he expressed his lifelong concern with the struggle of the soul to free its natural energies from reason and organized religion. Although Blake first accepted Swedenborg's ideas, he eventually rejected him. He wrote THE VISIONS OF THE DAUGHTERS OF ALBION (1793), AMERICA: A PROPHESY (1793),

Review of Carson’s Gagging of God

In The Gagging of God: Christianity Confronts Pluralism, author D. A. Carson describes three categories of pluralism: empirical, cherished, and philosophical or hermeneutical. [i] The first deals with diversity in America and the multiplicity of beliefs. The second, cherished pluralism, describes the approval of diversity as an unquestioned virtue. Finally, philosophical pluralism, under which religious pluralism falls, posits that no religion has the right to pronounce itself true and right. In other words, no religion can advance â€Å"truth claims† that are superior to any other.Carson states that postmodernism is the outlook that birthed philosophical pluralism. [ii] While I agree that pluralism is an important subject that benefits from the kind of attention given to it in the book, I believe the length of the book and the comprehensive nature of the material presented can make it difficult to follow at times. Furthermore, on several occasions the author seemed to move to the wider margins of the topic. However, as the implications of pluralism are pertinent and its integration with postmodernism significant, the information was extremely beneficial.The Christian must recognize empirical pluralism, tolerate cherished pluralism, but reject philosophical pluralism. We must recognize the diversity that exists in modern culture as Christians have throughout history. While pluralism poses new challenges in the current day, Christians have always had to stand up for the truth of Christian believe against other religions. Scripture was both inspired and written in a pluralistic context. However, even in the Old Testament God insisted that his people turn from the worship of other gods and other religions.For example, in Joshua 24:15, Joshua gave the children of Israel a choice to either serve God or Baal. The prophet Elijah would later give Israel the same choice in 1 Kings 18:21. Throughout history, God’s people have been reminded to be faithful to God as they were constantly surrounded by foreign gods and other religions. The same phenomenon applied during New Testament times. Christians resided in cities like Rome, Corinth and Antioch, Corinth, which were centers of diversity and multicultural exchange.They were surrounded by other world views, yet were constantly reminded that Jesus was the only way. This created a clash between Christians and other world views that would come to a head with the persecution of Christians. The Apostle Paul argued in the book of Acts that the true and living God superseded all other gods and preached Christianity against the backdrop of pluralism. There has been a need for Christians to do so ever since. Yet, while we reject philosophical and religious pluralism, in some cases, Christians are willing to cherish pluralism. In todays society, we cherish ethnic diversity.We welcome new members into our churches that come from various backgrounds even as God welcomes worshippers from every natio n, tribe, people and language. Carson states his purpose for writing, to equip Christians for fidelity to the gospel and encouraging unbelievers to find Jesus as Lord: â€Å"If anything in the following pages equips some Christians to intelligent, culturally sensitive, and passionate fidelity to the gospel of Jesus Christ, or if it encourages some thoughtful unbelievers to examine the foundations again and so to find that Jesus is Lord, I shall be profoundly grateful. [iii] In the book, Carson gives a comprehensive examination of pluralism. He takes the time to communicate with great detail on his positions and provides details that demonstrate his understanding of the subject. Throughout, Carson intimates the tension between the opposing perspectives of the pluralist and the Christian. From the perspective of the pluralist, the Christian appears to be a religious bigot unless they are willing to redefine Christianity without connecting it with Scripture.Likewise, from the perspect ive of the Christian, The pluralist is a misguided idolater no matter how sincere they may be. [iv] The book is divided into four sections, which tackle the major issues affected by the three types of pluralism. In the first section, the author describes the influence of hermeneutics and how texts are invariably interpreted against the backdrop of the interpreter's social â€Å"home† and the historical conditioning of the language itself. During this process, the interpreter takes bits of the text and â€Å"deconstructs† it to fit them into their own framework, which generates fresh insight.While this section also critiques postmodernism, Carson warns against giving the impression that modernism was a correct way of analyzing either the text or the world we live in. The second section deals with the philosophies of Derrida and Foucault that form the basis for postmodern thought, which is at odds with the Christian faith. While Carson opposes the idea of postmodernism, and criticizes the work of Foucault and Derrida, theologians such as James K. A. Smith, say thatCarson has misinterpreted their ideas and posits that they actually have an affinity with the central claims of Christianity. [v] The late German theologian, Karl Rahner recommended in his writings that dialogue should be used as the method by means of which plural theologies should strive for an understanding of each other. [vi] However, Carson intimates that the Christian needs to affirm that all interpretations are not equally valid because: God has revealed Himself and spoken clearly; and God has unfolded His plan of salvation and recorded it in Scripture.The third section of the book attempts to assist Christians living in a pluralistic culture by giving an understanding of assumptions made in the public sphere and replacing those assumptions with biblical truth. As we live in a world where public morality has seemingly collapsed, religion seems to be based on feeling and not on trut h. Carson says that ethical divisions are made pragmatically, making proper Christian thought necessary in making sense of the pluralistic world that we live in. vii] The final section of the book says that the answer to philosophical tolerance is the reiteration of Christian doctrine concerning the Second Coming and the nature of heaven and hell. Christians must have confidence in spreading this message in a compassionate way. However, it must be done with a sense of urgency, as the evangelism of our communities is paramount. Christians must have a deep conviction of the infallibility of Scripture and hold that it is inerrant and sufficient in order to both live a victorious life in a pluralistic society and to increase confidence in Christian doctrine. ———————- [i] Carson, D. A. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2002, 13 [ii] Ibid, 19 [iii] Ibid, 10 [iv] Ibid, 238 [v] Smith, James, K. A. Who's Afraid of Postmodernism? : Taking Derrida, L yotard, and Foucault to Church (The Church and Postmodern Culture). Grand Rapids, MI. Baker Academic. 2006, 28 [vi] Fay, William Vendley. Pluralism and the theological methods of Karl Rahner: A critical assessment. January 1, 1983. ETD Collection for Fordham University. Paper AAI8802369 [vii] Carson, D. A. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2002, 404

The Effects of Teenage Pregnancy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 740 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/05 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Teenage Pregnancy Essay Did you like this example? The Effects Pregnancy Have on Teens Teen pregnancy has many damaging effects on teenagers. Education may be put on hold when a teen becomes pregnant. For example, Medical complications often occur in pregnant teenagers. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Effects of Teenage Pregnancy" essay for you Create order Having a baby is expensive, financial difficulty may arise during a teen pregnancy or after the baby is born. Therefore, teen pregnancy leads to serious effects on the mother. Teenage pregnancy not only has terrible effects, but it can cause serious problems in a teenage life. A teenage pregnancy can alter the path of any teenage mothers life. The teenage mother will not only responsible for herself but also another person to take care of. Nutrition while pregnant is very important for both mother and baby. For example, the teen mother will have to take prenatal vitamins, nutrient, and minerals, eat healthy food to avoid unnecessary weight gain, only odd 300 calories to an already healthy and balanced daily calories count. She also needs to drink over 8 bottles of water each day, so her baby is hydrated. The teenage mother needs an approximately about eight hours of sleep each night. Women undergo psychological changes, faces enormous stress, and self-esteem problems. Intensify stress and nervousness during pregnancy affect a babys physical and psychological development. Psychology stress is associated with such harmful results as preterm births. Teen mothers can also experience the costs intensify stress such as post-natal depression and obesity. Pregnant teens and their babies are at higher risk of health problems that pregnant women who are older. Pregnant teens have a higher risk of getting a high blood pressure. It is also called pregnancy-induced hypertension. Pregnant teens may also be at higher risk of postpartum depression. Postpartum depression is depression that occurs after childbirth. It is treatable. According to Dr. Gaither, this illness affects about 10% of new moms. Statistically proven children born to teenagers experience more struggles during their lives. Some of these struggles comprise not having a proper education and have behavioral and physical health problems. These effects can be passed down from generation to generation if the cycle is not broken. The pregnant teen dropout rate in the U.S. is distressing. In terms of the adolescent pregnancy rate, the U.S. ranks among the top in comparison to other countries (Centers for Disease [CDC], 2013). 86,000 teens ages 15 to 19 get pregnant in a year and 70% of pregnant teens drop out of high school. Hispanic and black females are more likely to be among the teen population to drop out of school while pregnant. Because of unplanned Pregnancy, only 50 percent of teen mothers receive a high school diploma related to 90 percent of female students who did not have a baby as a adolescent. [CDC], 2013). Some of the most important things to help teen parents are information and support. Some of the main troubles teenage mothers have are not having is employment to purchase the necessities required for taking care of their baby or young child. The United States has the highest rate of teenage pregnancy costing the country more than $7 billion per year, according to Family First Aid. Only half of the pregnant teen girls who drop out of high school are employed, and those who are employed make less than those who finish high school. The medical costs of According to Child Trends, researchers working for the National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy in 2006 estimated the total public cost of teenagers having a baby cost from about $10,000 to $15,000 just for all the hospital costs including delivery, tests, and prenatal care visits. Because of these costs, the teen mother will pass these costs on to their parents, or in some case, the teen mother would have to work more, this will prevent her from spending adequate time with her baby. In summary, teen pregnancy has negative effects on teens. Because education may be put on hold. Young moms may lack at supporting their child financially while pregnant. Teen moms are at a higher risk of health problems. Teenage mothers face many problems but they can be overcome with commitment, support, and dedication. Works Cited Mawer, C. (1999). Preventing teenage pregnancies, supporting teenage mothers. BMJ, 318(7200), 1713-1714. Doi: 10.1136/bmj.318.7200.1713 Costs of Teen Pregnancy /Pregnant Teen Help. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.pregnantteenhelp.org/facts/costs-of-teen-pregnanct Cdc.gov. (2018). About Teen Pregnancy| Teen Pregnancy | Reproductive Health | CDC. [online] Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/teenpregnancy/about/index.htm [Accessed 23 Jul. 2018]. Gaither, K. (2018). TEENAGE PREGNANCY. Retrieved from https://prezi.com/2mkkz8qn36nh/teenage-pregnanct/